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Why Study in Russia?

Since Russian degrees are recognised internationally, their presence in the European Higher Education Area boosts the number of international students.

Although you can earn your degree in English, you will be forced to take a Russian course, and understanding the local language will come in handy in your new life.

If you want to study at a Russian state university, make sure to take advantage of the Institute of International Education’s international student training and orientation programs (IIE). Russians are proud of their rich and diverse history, and you can participate in many of the country’s long-standing customs as an international student. Russia has lower tuition fees than many other study abroad destinations, and the cost of living is pretty small, especially in the cities. PhD studies are carried out in Russia not just at universities but also in a variety of specialised scientific organisations and research centres. A graduate is given the title of candidate of sciences, which is comparable to a PhD degree in the Bologna education system, upon completion of the PhD program and defence of the candidate’s thesis. The Doctor of Science degree is next.

Top Universities

• Lomonosov Moscow State University
• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
• HSE University
• Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
• National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
• Saint-Petersburg Mining University
• ITMO University
• Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
• National University of Science and Technology
• RUDN University

Popular Fields of PhD Studies

• Biological Sciences
• Anthropology
• Engineering

Program Duration And Cost of Education

PhD programs can take anything between three to five years to complete, depending on the subject and type of study. The cost of a PhD in Russia varies greatly depending on the degree and university. The average annual tuition fee is roughly €4,000, although it can be as little as €1,133 or as high as €5,900.

Eligibility Criteria for Phd in Russia

The candidate must have received a 10+2 certification from a recognised board. The applicant must have a postgraduate degree in Russian, either a Master of Arts in Russian or a Master of Philosophy in Russian. Students who have completed their courses or are nearing the end of their studies are eligible to apply for the PhD Russian admission process. Applicants must take a central level entrance examination or have a valid university level examination score. Admission to several universities is also based on practical or professional experience.

Intake And Application Deadline

Although application deadlines vary by university, they are usually open from March to July, giving you plenty of time to arrange your visa, money, and lodging before you leave.

A Sneak Peak Into The Application Process

You should apply for a student visa at the Russian embassy or consulate nearest you, carrying the following documents with you:

• Your travel document
• Acceptance letter from your university
• A filled-out visa application
• A certificate from your doctor stating that you are HIV-negative and disease-free.
• A photo that is passport-sized

Student Visa Terms and Provisions

If you don’t come from a visa-exempt nation, you’ll need to start your application for a Russian student visa once you’ve received a letter of acceptance from your preferred university. This student visa is only valid for three months at a time, after which you must apply to the local immigration authorities for a visa extension. The extension will be good for another year and will have to be renewed every year.

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PhD in Russia

No colleges record, why study phd (doctor of philosophy) in russia.

1. Research Excellence: Russian universities have a long history of research excellence and have made significant contributions to various fields of study. Pursuing a PhD in Russia allows students to work with renowned professors and researchers, gaining exposure to cutting-edge research and academic excellence.

2. Diverse Research Opportunities: Russia offers a wide range of research opportunities across various disciplines. Whether you are interested in natural sciences, engineering, social sciences, humanities, or arts, you can find research topics and programs that align with your academic interests.

3. Rich Cultural and Academic Heritage: Russia has a rich cultural and academic heritage, with a strong tradition in literature, science, and the arts. Studying in Russia can offer a unique cultural experience, exposure to different perspectives, and opportunities to explore its historical landmarks and artistic treasures.

4. Language of Instruction: While many PhD programs in Russia are taught in Russian, an increasing number of universities offer English-taught programs, especially in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. This makes studying in Russia more accessible to international students.

5. Affordability: Compared to some other countries, the cost of pursuing a PhD in Russia can be relatively affordable, with lower tuition fees and living expenses. There are also scholarship opportunities available for international students to support their studies.

6. International Collaboration: Russia actively promotes international collaboration in research and academia. As a PhD student in Russia, you may have opportunities to collaborate with scholars from different countries and participate in international conferences and research projects.

7. Research Funding: Many research projects and initiatives in Russia receive significant government funding. As a PhD student, you may have access to funding opportunities that can support your research and academic pursuits.

8. Career Opportunities: Completing a PhD in Russia can enhance your career prospects. Graduates with a PhD are often sought after by academic institutions, research organizations, and industry, both in Russia and globally.

9. Research Facilities: Russian universities are equipped with state-of-the-art research facilities and laboratories, providing PhD students with the resources they need to conduct high-quality research.

10. Personal Growth: Pursuing a PhD is a significant academic journey that fosters personal growth, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Living and studying in a new country like Russia can also offer personal development and intercultural experiences.

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Specializations in Russia

Admission intake for phd (doctor of philosophy) in russia.

1. Fall Intake: The fall intake is the most common intake for PhD programs in Russia. It usually begins in September or October. The application process for the fall intake typically starts several months before the start of the academic year, usually around January to April. Prospective students are required to submit their applications, including all necessary documents, during this period.

2. Spring Intake: Some universities may offer a spring intake for PhD programs, which starts in February or March. However, the spring intake is less common, and not all universities may have this option available. The application process for the spring intake usually takes place several months in advance, starting around September to November of the previous year.

Top 10 Universities in Russia for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)

Cost of studying phd (doctor of philosophy) in russia, eligibility for doing phd (doctor of philosophy) in russia.

1. Master's Degree: Applicants should generally hold a Master's degree (or its equivalent) in a relevant field of study. Some universities may consider candidates with exceptional academic records and a Bachelor's degree in specific cases, but a Master's degree is the standard requirement.

2. Academic Performance: Candidates should have an outstanding academic record in their previous studies, particularly in their Master's program. Good grades and research experience are often highly valued during the selection process.

3. Research Proposal: As part of the application process, applicants are typically required to submit a research proposal outlining their intended research topic and objectives for the PhD program. A well-defined and compelling research proposal can strengthen the application.

4. Language Proficiency: Proficiency in the language of instruction is essential. For programs taught in Russian, applicants may need to demonstrate their Russian language proficiency through standardized tests like TORFL (Test of Russian as a Foreign Language). Some universities also offer PhD programs in English, so proficiency in English may be required for those programs.

5. Letters of Recommendation: Applicants are usually asked to provide letters of recommendation from professors or academic mentors who can vouch for their academic capabilities and research potential.

6. Entrance Examination or Interview: Some universities may conduct an entrance examination or interview to assess the candidate's knowledge, research aptitude, and suitability for the PhD program.

7. Funding and Scholarships: International students should ensure they meet any additional requirements for scholarships or funding opportunities, as funding eligibility may vary depending on the program and the university.

8. Other Requirements: Depending on the field of study and the specific program, there might be additional requirements such as submitting academic publications, research papers, or participating in an interview with the potential supervisor.

Documents Required for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Russia

1. Academic Transcripts: Official transcripts or academic records from all previous educational institutions, including Bachelor's and Master's degrees.

2. Diplomas and Degrees: Copies of Bachelor's and Master's degree diplomas or certificates.

3. Curriculum Vitae (CV): A detailed CV that includes information about academic achievements, research experience, publications (if any), and other relevant experiences.

4. Research Proposal: A well-defined research proposal outlining the research topic, objectives, methodology, and expected contributions to the field of study.

5. Letters of Recommendation: Usually, two or three letters of recommendation from professors or academic mentors who can speak about the applicant's academic and research potential.

6. Language Proficiency: If the program is taught in Russian, proof of Russian language proficiency is required, which may be demonstrated through standardized language tests such as TORFL (Test of Russian as a Foreign Language). For programs taught in English, proof of English language proficiency (e.g., IELTS or TOEFL scores) may be necessary.

7. Passport Copy: A copy of the applicant's passport or other identification documents.

8. Passport-Sized Photographs: Passport-sized photographs as per the university's specifications.

9. Statement of Purpose (SOP): A statement of purpose or motivation letter explaining the applicant's interest in pursuing a PhD and the reasons for choosing the specific program and university.

10. Entrance Examination or Interview: Some universities may require applicants to take an entrance examination or participate in an interview to assess their research aptitude and suitability for the PhD program.

11. Additional Documents: Some universities may request additional documents, such as academic publications, research papers, or other materials relevant to the field of study.

Scholarships for PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Russia

1. Russian Government Scholarships: The Russian government offers various scholarships for international students, including the "Russian Federation Government Scholarship" (also known as the "Open Doors Scholarship"). These scholarships cover tuition fees, accommodation, and a monthly stipend for living expenses.

2. Presidential Scholarships: These scholarships are awarded to talented Russian and international students pursuing doctoral studies in priority areas identified by the Russian government.

3. University Scholarships: Many Russian universities offer their own scholarships and grants to attract talented PhD students. These scholarships may be merit-based or need-based and can cover tuition fees or provide a stipend for living expenses.

4. Research Assistantships: Some PhD students may have the opportunity to work as research assistants under professors or research projects, which may include a stipend or a tuition fee waiver.

5. International Cooperation Programs: There are international cooperation programs between Russia and other countries that may offer funding opportunities for joint research projects or PhD studies.

6. Specialized Scholarships: Some scholarships are available for students pursuing research in specific fields such as science, technology, engineering, arts, humanities, and social sciences.

7. Corporate Scholarships: Some companies and organizations in Russia may offer scholarships to support students pursuing research in fields relevant to their industry.

8. Bilateral Agreements: Some countries have bilateral agreements with Russia that include provisions for scholarships and funding opportunities for students pursuing higher education in either country.

Jobs and Salary after PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Russia

1. Academic Research and Teaching: Many PhD graduates in Russia go on to pursue careers in academia as researchers and professors. They can work in universities, research institutions, and academic departments. Salaries for academic positions can vary widely depending on the institution and the academic rank, but an assistant professor may earn around $1,000 to $2,500 per month, while a full professor may earn $2,500 to $5,000 or more per month.

2. Industry Research and Development: PhD holders can work in research and development (R&D) departments of companies and industries related to their field of expertise. Salaries in the private sector can vary significantly depending on the industry, company size, and position. On average, R&D professionals with a PhD may earn around $1,500 to $3,500 per month.

3. Government and Public Sector: PhD graduates may find opportunities in government research organizations, policy-making institutions, and public sector agencies. Salaries in the government sector can vary based on the level of responsibility and the position. Senior government researchers may earn around $2,000 to $4,000 per month.

4. Consulting and Advisory Roles: Some PhD holders work as consultants or advisors, providing expertise and insights to businesses, NGOs, or government bodies. Salaries in consulting can vary significantly depending on the consultancy firm and the project's scope. Monthly earnings for consultants can range from $2,000 to $5,000 or more.

5. Entrepreneurship and Startups: Some PhD graduates may choose to start their own businesses based on their research findings or innovative ideas. Earnings can vary greatly depending on the success of the venture.

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December 29, 2014

Doctoral Education in Russia: Reforms and pending challenges

By Anya Klyukanova & Roxana Chiappa

In the last decade, the Russian government has been reforming its university system with the goal of increasing its international positioning. In 2013, the government launched the 5/100 initiative to position at least five of the Russian universities into the top 100 universities. This goal relates directly to improving the institutional capacity of universities through strengthening their research capacity, in which doctoral education plays a critical role. In the process, certain universities are attempting to reform doctoral programs by including a structured curriculum, incorporating international advisers in the dissertation process, and sending their doctoral students to spend one semester in a foreign university. These changes have happened at the National Research University – Higher School of Economics (HSE) established in 1992.

CIRGE had the opportunity to interview Dr. Igor Chirikov, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Education (Higher School of Economics, Moscow) and SERU-I Managing Director at CSHE (UC Berkeley), who helped us to illustrate the ongoing reforms and pending challenges in Russian doctoral education.

Dr. Igor Chirikov from the National Research University – Higher School of Economics

To my view there are several challenges for doctoral education in Russia. The first and major one is poor academic market: faculty salaries are generally low (leading universities, such as HSE, are exception), universities tend to hire their own graduates, and the level of faculty mobility is very low. As a consequence, doctoral programs are not very selective. Universities don’t have a large pool of PhD applicants to choose from, prospective students are not highly motivated for their studies. A certain portion of male PhD students just try to avoid military service by enrolling to doctoral program.

Second, there are more and more questions about the quality of Russian doctoral education. Being designed after German apprentice model of pursuing a PhD, doctoral programs in Russia have very limited training component. It is expected that student primarily works on her or his thesis under the supervision of senior faculty member, contributing to the development of particular “school of thought”. Given that universities hire their own graduates, the focus in doctoral education is shifting from the development of good and universal academic skills to socialization and internalization of rules and practices of a particular department or university.

Third, doctoral education in Russia suffers from plagiarism. This is especially true for social sciences and humanities, where professional academic communities are still fragmented and have different views on research ethics and standards. Despite numerous cases of corrupt academic behavior and plagiarism (some of these cases were even covered by media) it is hard to say that the policy of zero tolerance for plagiarism was implemented on national or even institutional levels. The situation is changing, but very slowly.

Fourth, at present doctoral degrees are awarded by the state agency called Higher Attestation Committee (VAK), and not by universities themselves. And technically all degrees are equal to each other: it doesn’t matter where a person did her of his PhD. Such system doesn’t stimulate universities to care about the quality of doctoral programs as their reputation does not depend on the quality of their doctoral graduates.

And fifth there are some unresolved structural issues that decrease the international competitiveness of Russian doctoral education. People with foreign PhDs have certain difficulties in acceptance of their degrees to work at Russian universities. Russia still has two-tier system of Candidate of Science (similar to PhD) and Doctor of Science (similar to German Habilitation) degrees and thus Russian academics have similar problems with recognition of their qualifications abroad. Last year two universities were given the right to award their own PhD degrees as part of the experiment, but in certain disciplines only and in addition to Candidate or Doctor of Science degrees.

The National Research University – Higher School of Economics (HSE) in Russia

I believe it is exciting to engage data in the decision-making process in order to improve university services, student and faculty experience. In many Russian universities, the decision-making process isn’t managed well and rectors rely on everything but data: they favor their personal experiences and some expert opinions, but not the data. They don’t turn to university statistics nor do they ask students or faculty about their experiences and views. At the same time leading universities have begun to recognize the value of institutional research. HSE developed a fairly large institutional research office with eight people and we are in the process of improving the quality of our university by supporting its strategy and decision making process. The IR office provides leadership with various analytical reports based on data that we collect and analyze.

In the case of doctoral education, institutional research office assisted in the analysis of doctoral students experience based on university-wide PhD student survey. One of the goals was to understand how we can improve completion rate, which by 2011 was quite low: only around 20% of students defended their dissertation on time (within 4 years). It is a challenge how to shorten the time to degree and at the same time retain the highest quality of our dissertations. The other challenge was to make our doctoral programs more internationally competitive, attract more talents on national and global levels.

How has HSE addressed these challenges?

The major reform of our doctoral programs started in 2010. HSE became one of the first Russian universities to introduce structured PhD program design. All students enrolled in these programs receive sufficient scholarship that allows them not to look for a job outside of the university and focus on their studies (having a full-time job is one of the main reasons to drop out from doctoral program). Then our structured PhD programs include intensive training component: courses in research methodology, academic writing, advanced discipline-specific courses. In addition to that students have the opportunity to work with an international advisor and spend a semester at any university of their choice abroad, to discuss their research finding. The university is covering all the costs.

All these elements might not be surprising for a western scholar or student, who expects to find many of those in any good doctoral program. But for Russian doctoral education the introduction of structured programs is a huge step forward on the way to increasing quality and global competitiveness. Such design creates a very stimulating research environment, increases student engagement and motivation.

In systems where research takes place in universities increasing international positioning in university rankings is normally associated with quality and capacity of research production and thus with doctoral education. In the past, in Russia research was produced in academies. Has this changed? How do you expect that Russian doctoral education will change as result of the 5/100 government plan?

Right. I think doctoral education will change tremendously because universities will become more research oriented. Traditionally, research was done not in universities but in academies of science and many universities don’t have a long tradition of doing research. Now there is a push and support from the government for universities to become more research-oriented and more international. I think this thrust will mean a lot for developing graduate education because developing a research capacity means producing more doctorates. The next step is to develop more transparent and dynamic academic market, provide doctoral graduates with competitive salaries and more opportunities to work at university outside of their own.

“>According to the Shanghai Ranking 2013, two Russian universities appear among the 500 top universities. The University of Moscow is number 79, while the Saint Petersburg State University is located between 301-400. The Higher School of Economics is ranked 501-550 (232 in Social Sciences and Management) by QS World University Rankings.

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