Jun 30, 1975 · Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence Steven F. Maier Martin E. P. Seligman University of Colorado University of Pennsylvania SUMMARY In 1967, Overmier and Seligman found that dogs exposed to inescapable and unavoidable electric shocks in one situation later failed to learn to escape shock in a different situation where escape was possible. ... The present experiments (a) demonstrate the interference phenomenon under a variety of conditions, (6) test the validity ... 30 J. BRUCE OVERMIER AND MARTIN E. P. SELIGMAN ... this interference effect, the experiments of Overmier and Seligman (1967) and Seligman and Maier (1967) have pointed to the vari-ables controlling this phenomenon. Three hypotheses concerning the necessary condi-tions under which this phenomenon occurs have been disconfirmed, and one has been confirmed. Overmier and Seligman (1967) tested two ... Overmier JB, Seligman ME. Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding. J Comp Physiol Psychol 63: 28-33 ... Jul 31, 1973 · Each experiment consisted of three groups which received escapable (soluble), inescapable (insoluble), or a control pretreatment prior to the test for help-lessness. Figure 1 presents the design for the Inst.-Inst. and Cog.-Inst. experiments, and Figure 2 pre-sents the design for the Inst.-Cog. and Cog.-Cog. experiments. ... May 1, 1970 · The relevance of these results for a theory of learned helplessness was discussed. Overmier and Seligman (1967) and Seligman and Maier (1967) found a striking difference between the shuttlebox escape/avoidance behavior of naive dogs and dogs previously exposed to inescapable electric shocks in a Pavlov-type harness. ... to what is arguably the single most important experiment in the entire literature concerning helplessness and optimism. Overmier and Seligman (1967) first gave animals a series of either escapable shocks —shocks that could be terminated by a response—or exactly matched but inescapable shocks, as in classical conditioning. ... ">
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This research was later expanded through experiments by Seligman and others. One of the first was an experiment by Seligman & Overmier: In Part 1 of this study, three groups of dogs were placed in harnesses. Group 1 dogs were simply put in a harness for a period of time and were later released. Groups 2 and 3 consisted of "yoked pairs". Dogs in ...
EXPOSURE OF DOGS TO INESCAPABLE SHOCKS UNDER A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS RELIABLY INTERFERED WITH SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENTAL ESCAPE-AVOIDANCE RESPONDING IN A NEW SITUATION. USE OF A HIGHER LEVEL OF SHOCK DURING INSTRUMENTAL AVOIDANCE TRAINING DID NOT ATTENUATE INTERFERENCE; THIS WAS TAKEN AS EVIDENCE AGAINST AN EXPLANATION BASED UPON ADAPTATION TO SHOCK. SS CURARIZED DURING THEIR EXPOSURE TO ...
Overmier and Seligman (1967) have shown that the prior exposure of dogs to inescapable shock in a Pavlovian harness reliably results in interfer-ence with subsequent escape/avoidance learning in a shuttle box. Typically, these dogs do not even escape from 1 Thi s research wa supported by grant to R. L. Solomon from the National Science
Jun 30, 1975 · Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence Steven F. Maier Martin E. P. Seligman University of Colorado University of Pennsylvania SUMMARY In 1967, Overmier and Seligman found that dogs exposed to inescapable and unavoidable electric shocks in one situation later failed to learn to escape shock in a different situation where escape was possible.
The present experiments (a) demonstrate the interference phenomenon under a variety of conditions, (6) test the validity ... 30 J. BRUCE OVERMIER AND MARTIN E. P. SELIGMAN
this interference effect, the experiments of Overmier and Seligman (1967) and Seligman and Maier (1967) have pointed to the vari-ables controlling this phenomenon. Three hypotheses concerning the necessary condi-tions under which this phenomenon occurs have been disconfirmed, and one has been confirmed. Overmier and Seligman (1967) tested two
Overmier JB, Seligman ME. Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding. J Comp Physiol Psychol 63: 28-33
Jul 31, 1973 · Each experiment consisted of three groups which received escapable (soluble), inescapable (insoluble), or a control pretreatment prior to the test for help-lessness. Figure 1 presents the design for the Inst.-Inst. and Cog.-Inst. experiments, and Figure 2 pre-sents the design for the Inst.-Cog. and Cog.-Cog. experiments.
May 1, 1970 · The relevance of these results for a theory of learned helplessness was discussed. Overmier and Seligman (1967) and Seligman and Maier (1967) found a striking difference between the shuttlebox escape/avoidance behavior of naive dogs and dogs previously exposed to inescapable electric shocks in a Pavlov-type harness.
to what is arguably the single most important experiment in the entire literature concerning helplessness and optimism. Overmier and Seligman (1967) first gave animals a series of either escapable shocks —shocks that could be terminated by a response—or exactly matched but inescapable shocks, as in classical conditioning.