example of a general statement in an essay

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What Is a General Statement in an Essay?

An essay’s general statement is a broad introduction to the paper’s topic. For example, a persuasive essay aimed at convincing the reader to take action against global warming might begin with a brief description of what climate change means.

An essay’s introductory paragraph is where the author provides the necessary context and background for the reader to understand the topic. After the general statement of the paper’s topic comes the thesis statement. The thesis statement logically flows from the general statement and directly states the purpose of the essay. Instead of a general statement, the author can also choose to open with an anecdote, a quotation or a direct explanation of the topic’s importance to the reader.

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Introduction How to get an essay started

Getting started can often be difficult. Even professional writers say that the hardest part of writing is the beginning. Writing an introduction to an essay can therefore seem a daunting task, though it need not be so difficult, as long as you understand the purpose and the structure of the introduction. An example essay has been given to help you understand both of these, and there is a checklist at the end which you can use for editing your introduction.

Purpose of the introduction

When writing an introduction to an academic essay, it is useful to remember the main purpose of the introduction. In general, the introduction will introduce the topic to the reader by stating what the topic is and giving some general background information. This will help the reader to understand what you are writing about, and show why the topic is important. The introduction should also give the overall plan of the essay.

In short, the main purpose of the introduction is to:

• introduce the topic of the essay;
• give a general background of the topic;
• indicate the overall plan of the essay.

This last purpose is perhaps the most important, and is the reason why many writers choose to write the introduction last , after they have written the main body , because they need to know what the essay will contain before they can give a clear plan.

Structure of the introduction

Although essays vary in length and content, most essays will have the same overall structure, including the introduction. The structure is related to the purpose mentioned above. The introduction to an essay should have the following two parts:

• general statements (to introduce the topic and give the background);
• a thesis statement (to show the structure).

General statements

The general statements will introduce the topic of the essay and give background information. The background information for a short essay will generally just be one or two sentences. The general statements should become more and more specific thesis statement , which is the most specific sentence of the introduction--> as the introduction progresses, leading the reader into the essay (some writers talk about "attracting the readers' attention", though for an academic essay, this is less important). For longer essays, the general statements could include one or more definitions , or could classify the topic, and may cover more than one paragraph.

The following is an example of background statements for a short essay ( given below ):

Although they were invented almost a hundred years ago, for decades cars were only owned by the rich. Since the 60s and 70s they have become increasingly affordable, and now most families in developed nations, and a growing number in developing countries, own a car.

These sentences introduce the topic of the essay (cars) and give some background to this topic (situation in the past, the situation now). These sentences lead nicely into the thesis statement (see below).

Thesis statement

The thesis statement is the most important part of the introduction. It gives the reader clear information about the content of the essay, which will help them to understand the essay more easily. The thesis states the specific topic, and often lists the main (controlling) ideas that will be discussed in the main body. It may also indicate how the essay will be organised, e.g. in chronological order, order of importance, advantages/disadvantages, cause/effect. It is usually at the end of the introduction, and is usually (but not always) one sentence long.

In short, the thesis statement:

• states the specific topic of the essay;
• often lists the main (controlling) ideas of the essay;
• may indicate the method of organisation of the essay;
• is usually at the end of the introduction;
• is usually one sentence.

Here is an example of a thesis statement with no subtopics mentioned:

While cars have undoubted advantages, they also have significant drawbacks.

This thesis statement tells us the specific topic of the essay (advantages and disadvantages of cars) and the method of organisation (advantages should come first, disadvantages second). It is, however, quite general, and may have been written before the writer had completed the essay.

In the following thesis statement, the subtopics are named:

While cars have undoubted advantages, of which their convenience is the most apparent, they have significant drawbacks, most notably pollution and traffic problems.

This thesis gives us more detail, telling us not just the topic (advantages and disadvantages of cars) and the method of organisation (advantages first, disadvantages second), but also tells us the main ideas in the essay (convenience, pollution, traffic problems). This essay will probably have three paragraphs in the main body.

Example essay

Below is a discussion essay which looks at the advantages and disadvantages of car ownership. This essay is used throughout the essay writing section to help you understand different aspects of essay writing. Here it focuses on the thesis statement and general statements of the introduction (mentioned on this page), topic sentences , controlling ideas, and the summary and final comment of the conclusion. Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay.

Although they were invented almost a hundred years ago, for decades cars were only owned by the rich. Since the 60s and 70s they have become increasingly affordable, and now most families in developed nations, and a growing number in developing countries, own a car. While cars have undoubted advantages, of which their convenience is the most apparent, they have significant drawbacks, most notably pollution and traffic problems . The most striking advantage of the car is its convenience. When travelling long distance, there may be only one choice of bus or train per day, which may be at an unsuitable time. The car, however, allows people to travel at any time they wish, and to almost any destination they choose. Despite this advantage, cars have many significant disadvantages, the most important of which is the pollution they cause. Almost all cars run either on petrol or diesel fuel, both of which are fossil fuels. Burning these fuels causes the car to emit serious pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide. Not only are these gases harmful for health, causing respiratory disease and other illnesses, they also contribute to global warming, an increasing problem in the modern world. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists (2013), transportation in the US accounts for 30% of all carbon dioxide production in that country, with 60% of these emissions coming from cars and small trucks. In short, pollution is a major drawback of cars. A further disadvantage is the traffic problems that they cause in many cities and towns of the world. While car ownership is increasing in almost all countries of the world, especially in developing countries, the amount of available roadway in cities is not increasing at an equal pace. This can lead to traffic congestion, in particular during the morning and evening rush hour. In some cities, this congestion can be severe, and delays of several hours can be a common occurrence. Such congestion can also affect those people who travel out of cities at the weekend. Spending hours sitting in an idle car means that this form of transport can in fact be less convenient than trains or aeroplanes or other forms of public transport. In conclusion, while the car is advantageous for its convenience , it has some important disadvantages, in particular the pollution it causes and the rise of traffic jams . If countries can invest in the development of technology for green fuels, and if car owners can think of alternatives such as car sharing, then some of these problems can be lessened.

Union of Concerned Scientists (2013). Car Emissions and Global Warming. www.ucsusa.org/clean vehicles/why-clean-cars/global-warming/ (Access date: 8 August, 2013)

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Below is a checklist for an essay introduction. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

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Author: Sheldon Smith    ‖    Last modified: 26 January 2022.

Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .

Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Examples)   

The introduction of an essay plays a critical role in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay, establishes the tone and style, and motivates the reader to continue reading. 

Table of Contents

What is an essay introduction , what to include in an essay introduction, how to create an essay structure , step-by-step process for writing an essay introduction , how to write an essay introduction paragraph with paperpal – step -by -step, how to write a hook for your essay , how to include background information , how to write a thesis statement .

• Argumentative Essay Introduction Example: 
• Expository Essay Introduction Example 

Literary Analysis Essay Introduction Example

Check and revise – checklist for essay introduction , key takeaways , frequently asked questions .

An introduction is the opening section of an essay, paper, or other written work. It introduces the topic and provides background information, context, and an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the work. 1 The key is to be concise and to the point, providing enough information to engage the reader without delving into excessive detail. 

The essay introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire piece and provides the reader with a roadmap of what to expect. Here are key elements to include in your essay introduction: 

• Hook : Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or a compelling anecdote. 
• Background information : Provide context and background information to help the reader understand the topic. This can include historical information, definitions of key terms, or an overview of the current state of affairs related to your topic. 
• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should be concise and specific, providing a clear direction for your essay. 

Before we get into how to write an essay introduction, we need to know how it is structured. The structure of an essay is crucial for organizing your thoughts and presenting them clearly and logically. It is divided as follows: 2  

• Introduction:  The introduction should grab the reader’s attention with a hook, provide context, and include a thesis statement that presents the main argument or purpose of the essay.  
• Body:  The body should consist of focused paragraphs that support your thesis statement using evidence and analysis. Each paragraph should concentrate on a single central idea or argument and provide evidence, examples, or analysis to back it up.  
• Conclusion:  The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis differently. End with a final statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid new information or arguments. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay introduction: 

• Start with a Hook : Begin your introduction paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement, question, quote, or anecdote related to your topic. The hook should pique the reader’s interest and encourage them to continue reading. 
• Provide Background Information : This helps the reader understand the relevance and importance of the topic. 
• State Your Thesis Statement : The last sentence is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and directly address the topic of your essay. 
• Preview the Main Points : This gives the reader an idea of what to expect and how you will support your thesis. 
• Keep it Concise and Clear : Avoid going into too much detail or including information not directly relevant to your topic. 
• Revise : Revise your introduction after you’ve written the rest of your essay to ensure it aligns with your final argument. 

Unsure of how to start your essay introduction? Leverage Paperpal’s Generative AI templates to provide a base for your essay introduction. Here’s an example of an essay outline generated by Paperpal.  

Use Paperpal’s Preditive AI writing features to maintain your writing flow

This is one of the key steps in how to write an essay introduction. Crafting a compelling hook is vital because it sets the tone for your entire essay and determines whether your readers will stay interested. A good hook draws the reader in and sets the stage for the rest of your essay.  

• Avoid Dry Fact : Instead of simply stating a bland fact, try to make it engaging and relevant to your topic. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, you could start with a startling statistic like, “Did you know that regular exercise can increase your lifespan by up to seven years?” 
• Avoid Using a Dictionary Definition : While definitions can be informative, they’re not always the most captivating way to start an essay. Instead, try to use a quote, anecdote, or provocative question to pique the reader’s interest. For instance, if you’re writing about freedom, you could begin with a quote from a famous freedom fighter or philosopher. 
• Do Not Just State a Fact That the Reader Already Knows : This ties back to the first point—your hook should surprise or intrigue the reader. For Here’s an introduction paragraph example, if you’re writing about climate change, you could start with a thought-provoking statement like, “Despite overwhelming evidence, many people still refuse to believe in the reality of climate change.” 

Including background information in the introduction section of your essay is important to provide context and establish the relevance of your topic. When writing the background information, you can follow these steps: 

• Start with a General Statement:  Begin with a general statement about the topic and gradually narrow it down to your specific focus. For example, when discussing the impact of social media, you can begin by making a broad statement about social media and its widespread use in today’s society, as follows: “Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of users worldwide.” 
• Define Key Terms : Define any key terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your readers but are essential for understanding your argument. 
• Provide Relevant Statistics:  Use statistics or facts to highlight the significance of the issue you’re discussing. For instance, “According to a report by Statista, the number of social media users is expected to reach 4.41 billion by 2025.” 
• Discuss the Evolution:  Mention previous research or studies that have been conducted on the topic, especially those that are relevant to your argument. Mention key milestones or developments that have shaped its current impact. You can also outline some of the major effects of social media. For example, you can briefly describe how social media has evolved, including positives such as increased connectivity and issues like cyberbullying and privacy concerns. 
• Transition to Your Thesis:  Use the background information to lead into your thesis statement, which should clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay. For example, “Given its pervasive influence, it is crucial to examine the impact of social media on mental health.” 

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or other type of academic writing. It appears near the end of the introduction. Here’s how to write a thesis statement: 

• Identify the topic:  Start by identifying the topic of your essay. For example, if your essay is about the importance of exercise for overall health, your topic is “exercise.” 
• State your position:  Next, state your position or claim about the topic. This is the main argument or point you want to make. For example, if you believe that regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, your position could be: “Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.” 
• Support your position:  Provide a brief overview of the reasons or evidence that support your position. These will be the main points of your essay. For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of exercise, you could mention the physical health benefits, mental health benefits, and the role of exercise in disease prevention. 
• Make it specific:  Ensure your thesis statement clearly states what you will discuss in your essay. For example, instead of saying, “Exercise is good for you,” you could say, “Regular exercise, including cardiovascular and strength training, can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.” 

Examples of essay introduction 

Here are examples of essay introductions for different types of essays: 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example:  

Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16? 

“The question of whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has sparked nationwide debate. While some argue that 16-year-olds lack the requisite maturity and knowledge to make informed decisions, others argue that doing so would imbue young people with agency and give them a voice in shaping their future.” 

Expository Essay Introduction Example  

Topic: The benefits of regular exercise 

“In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated. From improving physical health to boosting mental well-being, the benefits of exercise are numerous and far-reaching. This essay will examine the various advantages of regular exercise and provide tips on incorporating it into your daily routine.” 

Text: “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee 

“Harper Lee’s novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ is a timeless classic that explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, the reader is taken on a journey that challenges societal norms and forces characters to confront their prejudices. This essay will analyze the novel’s use of symbolism, character development, and narrative structure to uncover its deeper meaning and relevance to contemporary society.” 

• Engaging and Relevant First Sentence : The opening sentence captures the reader’s attention and relates directly to the topic. 
• Background Information : Enough background information is introduced to provide context for the thesis statement. 
• Definition of Important Terms : Key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the audience or are central to the argument are defined. 
• Clear Thesis Statement : The thesis statement presents the main point or argument of the essay. 
• Relevance to Main Body : Everything in the introduction directly relates to and sets up the discussion in the main body of the essay. 

Writing a strong introduction is crucial for setting the tone and context of your essay. Here are the key takeaways for how to write essay introduction: 3  

• Hook the Reader : Start with an engaging hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a compelling question, a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or an anecdote. 
• Provide Background : Give a brief overview of the topic, setting the context and stage for the discussion. 
• Thesis Statement : State your thesis, which is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be concise, clear, and specific. 
• Preview the Structure : Outline the main points or arguments to help the reader understand the organization of your essay. 
• Keep it Concise : Avoid including unnecessary details or information not directly related to your thesis. 
• Revise and Edit : Revise your introduction to ensure clarity, coherence, and relevance. Check for grammar and spelling errors. 
• Seek Feedback : Get feedback from peers or instructors to improve your introduction further. 

The purpose of an essay introduction is to give an overview of the topic, context, and main ideas of the essay. It is meant to engage the reader, establish the tone for the rest of the essay, and introduce the thesis statement or central argument.  

An essay introduction typically ranges from 5-10% of the total word count. For example, in a 1,000-word essay, the introduction would be roughly 50-100 words. However, the length can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the overall length of the essay.

An essay introduction is critical in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. To ensure its effectiveness, consider incorporating these key elements: a compelling hook, background information, a clear thesis statement, an outline of the essay’s scope, a smooth transition to the body, and optional signposting sentences.  

The process of writing an essay introduction is not necessarily straightforward, but there are several strategies that can be employed to achieve this end. When experiencing difficulty initiating the process, consider the following techniques: begin with an anecdote, a quotation, an image, a question, or a startling fact to pique the reader’s interest. It may also be helpful to consider the five W’s of journalism: who, what, when, where, why, and how.   For instance, an anecdotal opening could be structured as follows: “As I ascended the stage, momentarily blinded by the intense lights, I could sense the weight of a hundred eyes upon me, anticipating my next move. The topic of discussion was climate change, a subject I was passionate about, and it was my first public speaking event. Little did I know , that pivotal moment would not only alter my perspective but also chart my life’s course.” 

Crafting a compelling thesis statement for your introduction paragraph is crucial to grab your reader’s attention. To achieve this, avoid using overused phrases such as “In this paper, I will write about” or “I will focus on” as they lack originality. Instead, strive to engage your reader by substantiating your stance or proposition with a “so what” clause. While writing your thesis statement, aim to be precise, succinct, and clear in conveying your main argument.  

To create an effective essay introduction, ensure it is clear, engaging, relevant, and contains a concise thesis statement. It should transition smoothly into the essay and be long enough to cover necessary points but not become overwhelming. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to assess its effectiveness. 

References  

• Cui, L. (2022). Unit 6 Essay Introduction.  Building Academic Writing Skills . 
• West, H., Malcolm, G., Keywood, S., & Hill, J. (2019). Writing a successful essay.  Journal of Geography in Higher Education ,  43 (4), 609-617. 
• Beavers, M. E., Thoune, D. L., & McBeth, M. (2023). Bibliographic Essay: Reading, Researching, Teaching, and Writing with Hooks: A Queer Literacy Sponsorship. College English, 85(3), 230-242. 

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Writing Guides  /  How to Write a Strong Essay Introduction with Examples

How to Write a Strong Essay Introduction with Examples

Introduction

An essay introduction establishes tone and sets course. Every journey starts with one—whether you’re getting on a plane, starting out a new school year, joining a new club, or moving to a new neighborhood. The introduction is the welcome mat: it tells a lot about the house you’re about to enter. A warm introduction will make the house seem inviting or the plane ride ahead more pleasurable. A bad introduction is off-putting and makes one want to turn and run away.

In essay writing, the introduction sets the tone and presents the argument, drawing readers in. It engages the reader with a question, an idea, a concept, a fact, a figure, a facet of life to consider.

An effective introduction grabs attention and establishes a connection with the reader. The importance of crafting a strong opening lies in its ability to establish clarity and spur engagement from the start.

What is an Essay Introduction?

An essay introduction is the first paragraph of an essay: it introduces the topic and the main idea of the essay. It may also provide minimal background information to set the stage for the essay body.

Its primary function is to give readers a clear understanding of what the paper will discuss and why it matters. It should lay out for the reader in no uncertain terms why this essay is worth the reader’s time.

In academic writing, the introduction frames the argument and guides the reader through the essay’s structure. It typically includes a hook to catch the reader with an inviting lure, which is then followed by a thesis statement that presents the main argument.

This section also acts as a roadmap, giving readers a sense of what is to come.

The overall point of the introduction is to welcome the reader, get him to want to stay (i.e., read on), give him a map of the house and grounds, and set him on his way. It is a logical way to show the reader upfront all that you are going to allow for his inspection. It is your frame for the picture you are about to unfold. It is your approach to the topic.

Why is the Introduction So Important?

The introduction of an essay is fundamental because it is the first impression the reader gets of your writing. A strong introduction engages readers by providing a point of interest, appropriate context, clarity of purpose, and a well-defined thesis. It pulls the audience in like a tractor beam, slowly but surely. The reader should feel some interest in seeing how the argument unfolds. If the intro doesn’t hold the reader, the essay won’t get read.

Research shows that a captivating introduction often correlates with an overall captivating finished product. In other words, if the essay starts off well, it is likely that the rest of the essay will be polished, too. The polished the parts, the better the odds of getting an A. Better intros equal better essays which equal better academic performance.

That is why we say crafting the essay introduction is like pouring the foundation for the home: you are setting the argument and building the body on that. To pour the foundation properly, you need to dig down a bit—and the same goes for an essay intro. Dig in, dig down, find a nice hard, firm place to set up your thesis and present your argument on the rock you establish.

Of course, this is all easier said than done. No matter what you construct, it is going to take some effort, know-how, skill, and enthusiasm for the project. Many writers struggle with introductions because they are lack something in one or more of those departments.

If you are struggling, the first thing to keep in mind is that the essay introduction must balance capturing attention with clearly presenting the argument. The introduction requires a level of precision that can be challenging to reach—but you can do it by distilling the main message of your essay and presenting it in a few concise words. A successful introduction ultimately frames the essay in a way that makes the reader want to invest in the content.

Elements of a Strong Essay Introduction

An effective essay introduction comprises several key components that work together to engage the reader and set the stage for a compelling argument. By carefully constructing each part, writers can create an introduction that is informative, engaging, and clear. Below are the critical elements of a strong essay introduction.

The hook is the first sentence(s) of an essay, and its ultimate function is to grab hold of the reader the way a newsflash bulletin would. A well-crafted hook is like a vortex: it pulls the readers thoughts into the essay, so that he is totally absorbed in the reading. It is essential to writing an intro for your essay because it is the first impression that determines whether the audience will stay engaged or lose interest.

A strong hook is thought-provoking, relevant to the topic, intriguing, and reflective of the essay’s tone and purpose. For example, a fact, anecdote, rhetorical question, or quotation can be used as a hook, depending on the type of essay being written.

Examples of Strong Hooks

• Fact : “According to a recent study, students who write a well-structured introduction score 20% higher on their essays.”
• Anecdote : “I remember the first time I struggled with an essay introduction; it was like trying to build a house without a blueprint.”
• Thought-Provoking Statement : “What if the secret to a great essay isn’t in the body but in the first few lines?”
• Rhetorical Question : “Have you ever wondered why some essays capture your attention instantly while others leave you bored?”

Examples of Weak Hooks

• Generic Statement : “Essays are important in school.”
• Obvious Fact : “People write essays for many reasons.”
• Vague Question : “Do you know how to write an essay?”

The difference between a strong and weak hook lies in the specificity and depth of engagement. Strong essay hooks give readers something to think about or connect to their emotions: they explode in their minds like fireworks and dazzle in the night sky. A weak hook merely states obvious or uninteresting facts: it is bland, boring, like a bowl of porridge, and might as well have gone unsaid in the first place for all the impact it made.

Background Information

After capturing the reader with a hook, the next step is to give some background information. Background info really depends on the audience: if your audience is not expected to know much at all about the subject, a broad overview can be most beneficial here. If your readership is already considered well-versed, you can segue into your thesis with minimal details and instead focus more on the reasons for which you will be making your argument. In general, definitions, historical context, or a brief overview of the topic can be fair game here. Basically, just give whatever the reader needs to know before diving into the main argument.

The challenge with providing background information is to strike a balance between offering enough context while not overwhelming the reader. Too much information can dilute the introduction and make it seem cluttered, but too little can leave the reader confused. The background should be relevant and directly related to the essay’s topic. Period.

Tips for Providing Background Information:

• Stay focused: Only include information that directly relates to the essay’s argument.
• Be concise: Keep the details brief and to the point, avoiding unnecessary tangents.
• Link to examples: If applicable, reference examples or sources that provide further reading for context, but don’t overload with too many external details.

For instance, in an essay about why Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a tragic figure, a writer might introduce the concept of tragedy as explained by Aristotle. This helps to set the stage and does not require a great deal of extraneous input. Proper context paves the way for the thesis statement, so that the reader is prepared to handle the topic.

The Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is the most essential part of any essay introduction. It is a single sentence (or sometimes two) that clearly states the essay’s main argument or point. The thesis statement gives the reader a sense of what the essay aims to do. It plainly tells the purpose and explains how the content will be structured. Without a clear thesis statement, the essay can seem directionless, and the reader may struggle to understand the writer’s point.

A strong thesis statement is specific, concise, and also debatable. That means it should present a point of view that can be supported by evidence and analysis in the essay’s body but that the reader might not agree with initially.

Examples of Strong Thesis Statements:

• Specific : “The rise of social media has challenged the role of legacy media in delivering news, information, and entertainment by democratizing the way people create and share content.”
• Debatable : “While some hold that standardized curriculum is necessary for national education, the reality is that education should vary from place to place and state to state based on culture, needs, and goals of the people there.”
• Clear : “If authorities want to reduce mass shootings and improve public safety, they need to address the cultural, spiritual and mental health crisis in America—not simply propose more gun laws.”

Examples of Weak Thesis Statements:

• Too Broad : “Social media has had a big impact on society.”
• Vague : “There are many arguments about standardized testing.”
• Obvious : “Gun control is a controversial topic.”

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How to Structure Your Essay Introduction

Here’s how you can structure an introduction effectively, adjust it based on essay type, make sure its length is appropriate, and craft a smooth transition into the main body of your paper.

General Structure

The traditional structure of an essay introduction has three components: a Hook, Background Information, and a Thesis Statement.

• Hook : The hook is the first sentence or few sentences that grab the reader’s attention. It could be an interesting fact, a rhetorical question, a surprising statistic, or a quote. The goal is to engage the reader and spark curiosity about your topic.
• Background Information : After the hook, give some context or background information on the topic you’re writing about. This helps the reader understand the significance of the issue and prepares the reader for the thesis. Depending on the level of knowledge of the audience, the background could be brief or more elaborate.
• Thesis Statement : The thesis is the most important part of your introduction as it clearly states what your essay will be about, how it will proceed, and what your agument or point is. It should be as concise as possible and direct. It can be supported by a brief outline of the main points that will be explored in the essay.

Adjusting the Structure for Different Essay Types

• Argumentative Essay : In an argumentative essay, the introduction should provide a clear thesis that takes a stance on the issue. The background should include opposing viewpoints to set the stage for your argument.
• Expository Essay : For expository essays, the introduction should focus on explaining the topic in a neutral manner, with the thesis outlining what you aim to explain or analyze.
• Narrative Essay : A narrative essay introduction might begin with a personal anecdote or story as the hook, followed by setting the scene, and leading into the thesis or main point of the narrative.
• Descriptive Essay : In a descriptive essay, the hook will rely on vivid imagery that engages the senses, while the background introduces the subject that will be described in detail.

Length of an Introduction

The length of your introduction really depends on the overall length of your essay. As a general rule:

• Short Essays (500-1000 words) : The introduction should be around 50 to 100 words, comprising about 10% of the essay. You can include a brief hook, followed by a concise background and thesis statement.
• Medium-Length Essays (1000-3000 words) : The introduction should be 100-150 words, providing a slightly more detailed background to help the reader grasp the topic’s context.
• Long Essays (3000+ words) : For longer essays, the introduction can span 150-250 words, with a more detailed background and multiple hooks to gradually introduce the thesis.

No matter the length, it’s important to maintain a balance between brevity and clarity, so that your introduction is engaging but not overwhelming.

How to Transition into the Main Body

Transitioning smoothly from your introduction to the main body of the essay is necessary for maintaining flow. A common technique is to end your introduction with a transition sentence that connects the thesis to the first body paragraph.

This transition sentence should hint at the first point or argument you will explore in the essay’s body. Using it allows you to create a logical progression from the general idea presented in your thesis to the specific details in the body paragraphs. For example, if your thesis mentions several factors, your transition sentence can introduce the first factor in more depth. Alternatively, you can use transitional phrases such as “To begin with,” “Firstly,” or “The first aspect to consider” to guide the reader into the next section.

Effective transitions not only keep your writing coherent but also help the reader understand the direction your essay will take from the very start.

Common Mistakes in Writing Essay Introductions

Many writers fall into common traps that can undermine the effectiveness of their opening. Avoiding these mistakes will keep your introduction clear, engaging, and purposeful.

Being Too Vague

One of the most common mistakes in writing an essay introduction is being too vague or general. A vague introduction will lose the reader’s interest because it will seem that the essay has no apparent point. When the introduction lacks focus, the reader assumes the rest of the essay does as well.

For example, starting with a broad statement like “Many people write essays” doesn’t tell the reader much about the specific argument or issue you plan to address. Instead, your introduction should immediately indicate the relevance of your topic and narrow down to your main point. Engage the reader with a clear, focused hook and relevant context to gain and maintain their interest. Remember, readers want to know what your essay is about right from the start, so avoid being overly general or vague.

Overloading with Background Information

Another common mistake is including too much background information in the introduction. While some context is necessary to set up the thesis, overloading your introduction with excessive details can exhaust the reader’s patience. Introductions that turn into a history lessons or a detailed expositions rob the main argument of its impact.

For instance, if you’re writing an argumentative essay on the Civil War, there’s no need to bring up the Federalist Papers—unless, of course, it relates directly to your thesis. Nonetheless, the intro should focus on the most relevant background information needed to understand the thesis. The rest of the essay is where you can go into details. Keep the introduction concise. Background information only needs to be a bridge to the thesis.

Forgetting the Thesis Statement

A big but common mistake in writing introductions is forgetting to include the thesis statement. Most writers do this simply because they themselves don’t know what their point is. Take time to consider it. The thesis is the end goal of your essay—the point it is all about. Without it, the introduction and the essay overall will lack direction and will leave the reader uncertain about the essay’s purpose.

A strong thesis should clearly state your position or the points you’ll discuss in the essay. Omitting it would be like inviting your friends to a dinner and then forgetting to cook the food.

Examples of Effective Essay Introductions

Here are some examples of essay introductions to help you see how they can be crafted.

Argumentative Essay Introduction

Topic: Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished? “The debate surrounding the death penalty has been ongoing for decades, with proponents claiming it deters crime and serves justice, while opponents argue that it violates fundamental human rights. As we move further into the 21st century, questions about the morality, fairness, and effectiveness of capital punishment have become more pressing. This essay will argue that the death penalty should be abolished, not only because of its failure as a deterrent but also due to the irreversible nature of wrongful executions and the disproportionate impact on marginalized communities.”

Why It Works: This introduction hooks the reader by presenting the ongoing debate, then clearly states the position the essay will argue, making it easy to follow and engage with.

Expository Essay Introduction

Topic: The Invention of the Printing Press “The invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg was a turning point in European history. For the first time, books could be mass-produced, leading to the spread of ideas, the democratization of knowledge, and significant social, religious, and cultural shifts. This essay will explore the impact of Gutenberg’s invention on society, including its role in the Protestant Reformation and the broader intellectual awakening known as the Renaissance.”

Why It Works: The introduction provides relevant historical context, establishes the importance of the topic, and outlines what the essay will cover, making it easy for readers to understand the scope of the discussion.

Narrative Essay Introduction

Topic: A Lesson Learned from Failure “I’ll never forget the moment I heard my name announced as the runner-up in the statewide debate competition. It wasn’t the disappointment of losing that stuck with me, but the realization that my failure was entirely my own doing. In the weeks leading up to the event, I had neglected to properly prepare, overconfident in my abilities. This experience taught me the value of hard work and humility, and it forever changed the way I approach challenges in life.”

Why It Works: This introduction draws the reader into a personal story, immediately engaging them with a relatable experience. It sets up the main theme of the essay—personal growth through failure.

Descriptive Essay Introduction

Topic: A Childhood Memory “The scent of freshly baked cookies always transports me back to my grandmother’s kitchen. The warm, sugary aroma combined with the gentle hum of the oven and the soft clink of the cookie sheet against the countertop brings a wave of nostalgia. The kitchen, bathed in soft afternoon light, was my childhood haven, a place of safety, love, and the simple joy of baking. This essay will take you through that cherished memory, capturing the sights, sounds, and smells that made it so unforgettable.”

Why It Works: The use of vivid sensory details immediately creates a strong image in the reader’s mind, engaging their senses and emotions. It sets the stage for a descriptive exploration of a meaningful memory.

Hopefully, these essay introduction examples have given you an idea of what works, why, and how. Let’s recap what we’ve learned!

Essay Introductions FAQ

• This varies based on the overall length of the essay. For shorter essays (500–1000 words), the introduction should be about 10% of the total word count, while for longer essays, you may need a more detailed introduction, especially if complex background information is required. If the essay is 3000 words or more, try to keep the introduction somewhere around 200-250 words.
• Yes, starting with a rhetorical question can be a powerful hook, as long as it engages the reader and relates to the essay’s topic. Make sure it fits the tone of the essay and doesn’t sound too informal or out of place in academic writing. Also make sure it is relevant to your essay’s thesis.
• A hook is meant to grab the reader’s attention in the first sentence, while a thesis statement presents the central argument or purpose of the essay, typically at the end of the introduction. The two should relate somehow, though—usually the hook reflects some aspect of the thesis that you will be defending.
• Yes, using a relevant quote can be an effective hook, but make sure it directly ties into your essay’s topic. Avoid overused or clichéd quotes that don’t add value to your argument. And always cite the source if you do use a quote.

Mastering your essay introduction involves carefully balancing three key elements: the hook, background information, and thesis statement. The hook grabs the reader’s attention, the background provides needed context (but doesn’t overwhelm with too many details), and the thesis clearly outlines the main argument and direction of the essay. Avoid common pitfalls like being too vague, overloading the introduction with unnecessary information, or forgetting the thesis.

Strong introductions set the tone for a well-structured essay and guide the reader effortlessly into the main body. The more you practice writing introductions, the better you’ll become at creating clear, engaging, and effective openings. Continuously refining these skills will not only strengthen your essays but also ensure your readers are hooked from the very start. Remember, a powerful introduction lays the foundation for a compelling essay!

Make sure you download our essay introduction worksheet , to help get you started.

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44 Examples: How To Write an Introduction Paragraph

By Status.net Editorial Team on December 19, 2024 — 10 minutes to read

A well-crafted introduction gives your audience a clear idea of what to expect and why they should keep reading. It’s your chance to make a good first impression and draw people into your essay or article. With a few simple tips and tricks, you can write openings that hook your readers every time. In this article, we’ll show you how to craft intros that keep your audience wanting more.

Types of Essay Introductions with Examples

Essay introductions come in different styles. They set the tone for your writing and grab the reader’s attention. Let’s look at some common types and examples.

1. Expository Essay Introductions

Expository essays explain a topic clearly. Their introductions should be straightforward and informative.

• Template 1: “Did you know [interesting fact]? [Topic] is more complex than it seems.” Example: “Did you know bees can recognize human faces? Bee behavior is more complex than it seems.”
• Template 2: “[Topic] affects many aspects of our lives, including [example 1], [example 2], and [example 3].” Example: “Climate change affects many aspects of our lives, including weather patterns, food production, and wildlife habitats.”
• Template 3: “From [historical event] to [current situation], [topic] has shaped [aspect of society].” Example: “From ancient civilizations to modern cities, architecture has shaped how we live and interact.”
• Template 4: “[Topic] is often misunderstood. Let’s explore what it really means.” Example: “Artificial intelligence is often misunderstood. Let’s explore what it really means.”
• Template 5: “The [field of study] defines [topic] as [definition]. But what does this mean for you?” Example: “The field of psychology defines happiness as a state of well-being. But what does this mean for you?”

2. Argumentative Essay Introductions

Argumentative essays present a position on a topic. Their introductions should be bold and thought-provoking.

• Template 1: “While some believe [common belief], evidence suggests [opposing view].” Example: “While some believe social media brings people together, evidence suggests it may increase feelings of loneliness.”
• Template 2: “[Topic] has been a subject of debate for years. It’s time to settle the argument.” Example: “The role of homework in education has been a subject of debate for years. It’s time to settle the argument.”
• Template 3: “Imagine a world where [hypothetical scenario]. This could be our reality if [argument].” Example: “Imagine a world where everyone had access to free education. This could be our reality if we prioritize learning for all.”
• Template 4: “[Statistic] shows the urgency of addressing [topic]. We can no longer ignore this issue.” Example: “Over 1 billion people lack access to clean water. We can no longer ignore this issue.”
• Template 5: “[Quote from expert] highlights the importance of [topic]. Let’s explore why this matters.” Example: “‘The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it,’ said Robert Swan. Let’s explore why this matters for climate action.”

3. Introductions for Other Essay Styles

Different essay types need unique introductions. Here are some examples for other common styles.

• Template 1 (Narrative): “The day started like any other, but [unexpected event] changed everything.” Example: “The day started like any other, but a chance encounter on the bus changed everything.”
• Template 2 (Compare and Contrast): “[Topic 1] and [Topic 2] may seem similar, but they have key differences.” Example: “Cats and dogs may seem similar as pets, but they have key differences in behavior and care needs.”
• Template 3 (Cause and Effect): “[Event or phenomenon] has had far-reaching effects on [aspect of life].” Example: “The invention of the internet has had far-reaching effects on how we communicate and access information.”
• Template 4 (Descriptive): “Picture [vivid scene]. This is the setting for [topic].” Example: “Picture a bustling marketplace filled with colorful stalls and the aroma of spices. This is the setting for our exploration of traditional Asian cuisine.”
• Template 5 (Reflective): “Looking back on [experience], I realize how much it shaped my understanding of [topic].” Example: “Looking back on my first day of high school, I realize how much it shaped my understanding of personal growth and resilience.”

Components of a Strong Introduction Paragraph

A great introduction sets the tone for your essay. It grabs attention, states your main idea, and gives readers context.

Crafting a Powerful Hook

Your hook should grab readers right away.

• Question: “Have you ever [relatable experience]?” Example: “Have you ever felt lost in a new city?”
• Statistic: “[Surprising number] of [group] [interesting fact].” Example: “75% of Americans dream about writing a book.”
• Quote: “[Famous person] once said, ‘[memorable quote].'” Example: “Maya Angelou once said, ‘There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you.'”
• Anecdote: “Last [time], I [interesting experience].” Example: “Last summer, I hiked the Appalachian Trail alone.”
• Bold statement: “[Surprising or controversial claim].” Example: “Social media is ruining real-life connections.”

Developing a Clear Thesis Statement

Your thesis is the main point of your essay.

• Cause and effect: “[Cause] leads to [effect] by [explanation].” Example: “Social media use leads to loneliness by replacing face-to-face interactions.”
• Problem-solution: “[Problem] can be solved by [solution].” Example: “Climate change can be slowed by switching to renewable energy sources.”
• Definition: “[Term] is best defined as [your definition].” Example: “True friendship is best defined as mutual support, trust, and enjoyment of each other’s company.”
• Evaluation: “[Topic] is [judgment] because [reasons].” Example: “Volunteering is essential for personal growth because it builds empathy, skills, and community connections.”

Presenting Background Information

Give readers context to understand your topic.

• Historical context: “For [time period], [relevant history].” Example: “For centuries, humans have looked to the stars for navigation and inspiration.”
• Current situation: “Today, [topic] faces [challenges or changes].” Example: “Today, urban areas face growing populations and shrinking green spaces.”
• Common misconception: “Many people think [misconception], but [truth].” Example: “Many people think sharks are mindless killers, but they’re actually intelligent and play a vital role in ocean ecosystems.”
• Relevance: “[Topic] affects [who] by [how].” Example: “Climate change affects everyone by altering weather patterns, sea levels, and food production.”
• Definition: “[Topic] refers to [brief explanation].” Example: “Renewable energy refers to power sources that naturally replenish, like wind and solar.”

Writing Strategies for an Impactful Introduction

Personal anecdotes and stories.

Personal stories can make your intro more relatable and interesting. They help readers connect with your topic on an emotional level.

• “When I was [age], I learned [lesson] the hard way…” Example: “When I was 10, I learned the value of honesty the hard way after fibbing about a broken vase.”
• “You might not believe it, but [unexpected event] changed my life…” Example: “You might not believe it, but a random chat with a stranger on the bus changed my life forever.”
• “Picture this: [vivid scene description]…” Example: “Picture this: It’s 3 AM, you’re knee-deep in coffee cups, and your essay is due in 5 hours.”
• “I never thought I’d [action], until [turning point]…” Example: “I never thought I’d enjoy public speaking, until a school project pushed me out of my comfort zone.”
• “Looking back, [past event] shaped who I am today…” Example: “Looking back, moving to a new country at 12 shaped who I am today in ways I never expected.”

Utilizing Surprising Facts or Quotes

Shock your readers with an eye-opening fact or a powerful quote. This method sparks curiosity and makes people want to read more.

• “Did you know that [surprising statistic]?” Example: “Did you know that the average person spends 6 months of their life waiting for red lights to turn green?”
• “[Famous person] once said, ‘[quote]’…” Example: “Albert Einstein once said, ‘Imagination is more important than knowledge.'”
• “In [year], scientists discovered [unexpected finding]…” Example: “In 2022, scientists discovered a hidden ecosystem living under the Antarctic ice sheets.”
• “Contrary to popular belief, [myth-busting fact]…” Example: “Contrary to popular belief, humans use way more than 10% of their brains.”
• “[Number] out of [total] people don’t know that [surprising fact]…” Example: “9 out of 10 people don’t know that bananas are berries, but strawberries aren’t.”

Employing Rhetorical Questions

Rhetorical questions make readers think and get them involved in your topic right away. They’re a great way to start a discussion.

• “Have you ever wondered [thought-provoking question]?” Example: “Have you ever wondered why time seems to speed up as we get older?”
• “What if [hypothetical scenario]?” Example: “What if you could relive any day of your life? Which one would you choose?”
• “How often do you [common action] without thinking about [related issue]?” Example: “How often do you throw away plastic without thinking about where it ends up?”
• “Why do we [common behavior], even though [contradictory fact]?” Example: “Why do we crave junk food, even though we know it’s bad for us?”
• “Can you imagine a world where [alternative reality]?” Example: “Can you imagine a world where everyone spoke the same language?”

Step-by-Step Process for Writing an Introduction

Writing a strong introduction sets the tone for your entire essay. Here’s how to craft an engaging opening paragraph that grabs your reader’s attention.

Step 1: Outlining Your Introduction

Start by brainstorming key points for your intro. Jot down your main topic and thesis statement. List 2-3 supporting ideas that will appear in your essay.

Create a basic structure:

• Hook sentence
• Background info
• Thesis statement

Example phrases:

• “Let’s explore…”
• “Picture this…”
• “Imagine a world where…”
• “Have you ever wondered…”
• “Think back to a time when…”
• “What if I told you…”
• “Did you know…”
• “Consider the following…”
• “Let’s take a closer look at…”
• “You might be surprised to learn…”

Keep your outline simple. Focus on the main points you want to make.

Step 2: Drafting the Introduction

Now it’s time to write your first draft. Don’t worry about perfection – just get your ideas down.

Start with an attention-grabbing hook. This could be a question, quote, or interesting fact.

Give some brief background on your topic. Provide context for your reader.

End with your thesis statement. This is the main point or argument of your essay.

• “To begin with…”
• “For starters…”
• “First things first…”
• “Let’s kick things off by…”
• “To set the stage…”
• “Before we dive in…”
• “To put things in perspective…”
• “As a starting point…”
• “To lay the groundwork…”
• “Let’s begin by considering…”

Remember, your intro should be clear and concise. Aim for 3-5 sentences total.

Step 3: Revising Your Intro Paragraph

After writing your draft, take a step back. Read your intro out loud. Does it flow well? Is it clear and engaging?

Check that your hook grabs attention. Make sure your background info is relevant and brief.

Confirm your thesis clearly states your main point. It should give readers a roadmap for the rest of your essay.

• “On second thought…”
• “Looking at this again…”
• “After some reflection…”
• “Upon further consideration…”
• “With a fresh perspective…”
• “Taking another look…”
• “On closer inspection…”
• “After mulling it over…”
• “With renewed focus…”
• “Giving this more thought…”

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Introduction Paragraphs

Writing a great intro can be tricky. Watch out for these common pitfalls that can weaken your opening paragraph.

Clichés and Overused Phrases

Tired expressions can make your intro feel stale. Avoid starting with phrases like “Since the dawn of time” or “In today’s society.” These don’t add much and can turn readers off.

Instead, try a fresh approach. Open with a surprising fact or a thought-provoking question. This grabs attention and shows you have something new to say.

Be careful with dictionary definitions too. While they seem smart, they often fall flat. Your own words will likely be more engaging.

Weak or Irrelevant Hooks

A weak hook fails to grab the reader’s interest. Vague or boring openings won’t make anyone want to keep reading.

Your hook should relate clearly to your topic. A random quote or fun fact that doesn’t connect won’t work well.

Try starting with a brief story or scenario that highlights why your topic matters. This helps readers see the real-world importance of what you’re discussing.

Lack of a Defined Thesis

A missing or unclear thesis leaves readers confused. They won’t know what to expect from your paper.

Your thesis should state your main idea or argument clearly. Put it near the end of your intro.

Don’t hide your thesis in vague language. State it directly so readers can easily spot your main point.

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• If you are writing in a new discipline, you should always make sure to ask about conventions and expectations for introductions, just as you would for any other aspect of the essay. For example, while it may be acceptable to write a two-paragraph (or longer) introduction for your papers in some courses, instructors in other disciplines, such as those in some Government courses, may expect a shorter introduction that includes a preview of the argument that will follow.  
• In some disciplines (Government, Economics, and others), it’s common to offer an overview in the introduction of what points you will make in your essay. In other disciplines, you will not be expected to provide this overview in your introduction.  
• Avoid writing a very general opening sentence. While it may be true that “Since the dawn of time, people have been telling love stories,” it won’t help you explain what’s interesting about your topic.  
• Avoid writing a “funnel” introduction in which you begin with a very broad statement about a topic and move to a narrow statement about that topic. Broad generalizations about a topic will not add to your readers’ understanding of your specific essay topic.  
• Avoid beginning with a dictionary definition of a term or concept you will be writing about. If the concept is complicated or unfamiliar to your readers, you will need to define it in detail later in your essay. If it’s not complicated, you can assume your readers already know the definition.  
• Avoid offering too much detail in your introduction that a reader could better understand later in the paper.
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Essay writing: Introductions

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“A relevant and coherent beginning is perhaps your best single guarantee that the essay as a whole will achieve its object.” Gordon Taylor, A Student's Writing Guide

Your introduction is the first thing your marker will read and should be approximately 10% of your word count. Within the first minute they should know if your essay is going to be a good one or not. An introduction has several components but the most important of these are the last two we give here. You need to show the reader what your position is and how you are going to argue the case to get there so that the essay becomes your answer to the question rather than just an answer.

What an introduction should include:

• A little basic background about the key subject area (just enough to put your essay into context, no more or you'll bore the reader).
• Explanation of how you are defining any key terms . Confusion on this could be your undoing.
• A road-map of how your essay will answer the question. What is your overall argument and how will you develop it?
• A confirmation of your position .

Background information

It is good to start with a statement that fixes your essay topic and focus in a wider context so that the reader is sure of where they are within the field. This is a very small part of the introduction though - do not fall into the trap of writing a whole paragraph that is nothing but background information.

Beware though, this only has to be a little bit wider, not completely universal. That is, do not start with something like "In the whole field of nursing...." or "Since man could write, he has always...". Instead, simply situate the area that you are writing about within a slightly bigger area. For example, you could start with a general statement about a topic, outlining some key issues but explain that your essay will focus on only one. Here is an example:

The ability to communicate effectively and compassionately is a key skill within nursing. Communication is about more than being able to speak confidently and clearly, it is about effective listening (Singh, 2019), the use of gesture, body language and tone (Adebe et al., 2016) and the ability to tailor language and messaging to particular situations (Smith & Jones, 2015). This essay will explore the importance of non-verbal communication ...

The example introduction at the bottom of this page also starts with similar, short background information.

Defining key terms

This does not mean quoting dictionary definitions - we all have access to dictionary.com with a click or two. There are many words we use in academic work that can have multiple or nuanced definitions. You have to write about how you are defining any potentially ambiguous terms in relation to  your  essay topic. This is really important for your reader, as it will inform them how you are using such words in the context of your essay and prevent confusion or misunderstanding.

Stating your case (road mapping)

The main thing an introduction will do is...introduce your essay! That means you need to tell the reader what your conclusion is and how you will get there.

There is no need to worry about *SPOILER ALERTS* - this is not a detective novel you can give away the ending! Sorry, but building up suspense is just going to irritate the reader rather than eventually satisfy. Simply outline how your main arguments (give them in order) lead to your conclusion. In American essay guides you will see something described as the ‘thesis statement’ - although we don't use this terminology in the UK, it is still necessary to state in your introduction what the over-arching argument of your essay will be. Think of it as the mega-argument , to distinguish it from the mini-arguments you make in each paragraph. Look at the example introduction at the bottom of this page which includes both of these elements.

Confirming your position

To some extent, this is covered in your roadmap (above), but it is so important, it deserves some additional attention here. Setting out your position is an essential component of all essays. Brick et al. (2016:143) even suggest

"The purpose of an essay is to present a clear position and defend it"

It is, however, very difficult to defend a position if you have not made it clear in the first place. This is where your introduction comes in. In stating your position, you are ultimately outlining the answer to the question. You can then make the rest of your essay about providing the evidence that supports your answer. As such, if you make your position clear, you will find all subsequent paragraphs in your essay easier to write and join together. As you have already told your reader where the essay is going, you can be explicit in how each paragraph contributes to your mega-argument.

In establishing your position and defending it, you are ultimately engaging in scholarly debate. This is because your positions are supported by academic evidence and analysis. It is in your analysis of the academic evidence that should lead your reader to understand your position. Once again - this is only possible if your introduction has explained your position in the first place.

An example introduction

(Essay title = Evaluate the role of stories as pedagogical tools in higher education)

Stories have been an essential communication technique for thousands of years and although teachers and parents still think they are important for educating younger children, they have been restricted to the role of entertainment for most of us since our teenage years. This essay will claim that stories make ideal pedagogical tools, whatever the age of the student, due to their unique position in cultural and cognitive development. To argue this, it will consider three main areas: firstly, the prevalence of stories across time and cultures and how the similarity of story structure suggests an inherent understanding of their form which could be of use to academics teaching multicultural cohorts when organising lecture material; secondly, the power of stories to enable listeners to personally relate to the content and how this increases the likelihood of changing thoughts, behaviours and decisions - a concept that has not gone unnoticed in some fields, both professional and academic; and finally, the way that different areas of the brain are activated when reading, listening to or watching a story unfold, which suggests that both understanding and ease of recall, two key components of learning, are both likely to be increased . Each of these alone could make a reasoned argument for including more stories within higher education teaching – taken together, this argument is even more compelling.

Key:   Background information (scene setting)   Stating the case (r oad map)    Confirming a position (in two places). Note in this introduction there was no need to define key terms.

Brick, J., Herke, M., and Wong, D., (2016) Academic Culture, A students guide to studying at university, 3rd edition. Victoria, Australia: Palgrave Macmillan.

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